Answers
Marketing answers
One question per page, answered completely. If you only want the answer, it is in the first two or three sentences of each page. If you want to understand it, keep reading.

Where can I get straight answers to marketing questions?
This page indexes 46 answer pages, each covering one marketing question in full: what the thing is, why it matters, how it actually works, how to do it, the common mistakes, and how to tell whether it is working.
They are grouped into six themes: local search and Google Business Profile, AI answers and content, SEO fundamentals, paid search and budget, websites and conversion, and measurement and channels.
Every page answers its question in the first three sentences
These are built to be skimmed by someone in a hurry and read properly by someone who wants to understand. Both audiences are served by the same structure: the answer first, then the reasoning.
If you are troubleshooting, the fastest route is the theme that matches the symptom. A business that does not appear on Google has a different problem from one that appears and gets no calls, and a different problem again from one whose rankings used to be fine and are not any more. Those are three separate pages, and picking the right one saves a lot of wasted effort.
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If you are learning, the fundamentals themes are the ones to work through, because most marketing confusion comes from four or five terms being used loosely. Once you can say precisely what a keyword, a backlink, a conversion and a lead are, most marketing conversations become much easier to follow.
If you are evaluating a proposal or an existing supplier, read the measurement group. Knowing what a genuinely useful report contains is the single most effective defence against being shown metrics chosen for how they look.
And if you want the whole topic rather than one question, the guides cover six subjects end to end and each answer page here sits underneath one of them.
Local search, Google Business Profile and reviews
The highest-intent, most immediately actionable group. If you serve customers in a place, most of your available visibility is decided by the things in this section, and most of it is within your own control.
How to win the Google map pack
The three-business block on a local search, what moves it and what nobody can move.
How to win the Google map packWhat is a Google Business Profile
What the profile is, how to claim it, and which fields carry genuine weight.
What is a Google Business ProfileWhy is my business not showing up on Google
Three genuinely different failures that produce the same symptom.
Why is my business not showing up on GoogleWhat is NAP consistency
Why one wrong address on one directory matters, and which listings to fix first.
What is NAP consistencyHow to get more Google reviews
Asking well, the rules you must not break, and why steady beats spiky.
How to get more Google reviewsHow do I respond to a negative review
The reply shape that defuses rather than escalates, and what never to include.
How do I respond to a negative reviewHow do I rank number one on Google
The honest answer, and why position one is worth less than it used to be.
How do I rank number one on GoogleWhy did my Google rankings drop
A diagnosis order that follows Google's own decision tree rather than guesswork.
Why did my Google rankings dropAI answers, content and being cited
The group where the evidence is strongest and the marketing around it is weakest. These pages cite the primary research, and they are explicit about the large parts of this that nobody has published.
What is answer engine optimization
Structuring a page so an engine can lift a clean, correct answer from it.
What is answer engine optimizationHow to get cited by ChatGPT and AI engines
What you can actually influence, and why a citation cannot be guaranteed.
How to get cited by ChatGPT and AI enginesSEO vs AEO vs GEO
Three related jobs compared properly, with what each one optimises for.
SEO vs AEO vs GEOContent that ranks and gets cited
How one well-built page can rank, win the answer box and be quoted.
Content that ranks and gets citedDo I need a blog for my business
When publishing pays for itself, and when it is work for its own sake.
Do I need a blog for my businessHow do I get more website traffic
The channels that genuinely move it, ordered by effort against return.
How do I get more website trafficSEO fundamentals
The vocabulary group. Most disagreements about SEO turn out to be two people using the same word for different things, so these pages define the terms precisely and then explain what actually follows from them.
What is technical SEO
Crawling, indexing and the structural work that has to happen before ranking is possible.
What is technical SEOWhat is off-page SEO
Everything that happens away from your site, and how much of it you control.
What is off-page SEOWhat are backlinks
What a link actually signals, and why buying them breaks Google's own policy.
What are backlinksWhat is schema markup
What structured data does, what it does not do, and which types earn their keep.
What is schema markupWhat are keywords and how do I choose them
Matching what you sell to what people actually type, without guessing.
What are keywords and how do I choose themHow do I do keyword research for free
The genuinely free tools, the steps, and what the free data will not tell you.
How do I do keyword research for freeWhat is a meta description
What it does, what it does not do, and why Google often rewrites yours.
What is a meta descriptionHow long does SEO take to work
The variables that decide it, and why a confident timeline is a warning sign.
How long does SEO take to workPaid search and budget
The group where money disappears fastest. These pages are as much about diagnosing waste as about setup, because in most local accounts the waste is larger than the opportunity.
Are Google Ads worth it for a small business
How to work out whether paid search fits you before spending anything.
Are Google Ads worth it for a small businessHow do I write a Google ad that gets clicks
Matching the search, the advert and the page, and why that lowers cost.
How do I write a Google ad that gets clicksWhy are my Google Ads not converting
Finding the break between clicks arriving and enquiries appearing.
Why are my Google Ads not convertingSEO vs PPC
What each is genuinely good at, and why sequencing beats choosing.
SEO vs PPCWhat is retargeting
How it works, when it earns its place, and when it wastes budget.
What is retargetingWhat is click-through rate
Paid and organic CTR are different measures, and conflating them misleads.
What is click-through rateHow much should a local business spend on marketing
What the sourced research says, and why most figures in this space are invented.
How much should a local business spend on marketingWebsites and conversion
Traffic that does not become an enquiry is an expense. This group covers the site itself: what it costs, how fast it has to be, and the specific points where visitors quietly give up.
How much does a small business website cost
What genuinely drives the price, and what to ask so two quotes are comparable.
How much does a small business website costHow do I make my website load faster
A diagnosis order that starts with what is slow, not what is easy to change.
How do I make my website load fasterWhat is mobile-first design
Why it is not the same as responsive design, and what mobile-first indexing means.
What is mobile-first designWhat is a landing page
When a dedicated page beats a service page, and what has to be on it.
What is a landing pageWhat is a call to action
Why one clear action outperforms four, and how to word it.
What is a call to actionWhat is a good website conversion rate
Why a single benchmark is close to meaningless, and what to measure instead.
What is a good website conversion rateWhat is conversion rate optimization
Fixing where visitors drop out rather than buying more traffic.
What is conversion rate optimizationWhy does my website need a privacy policy
What a notice has to reflect, and why a generic one can be worse than none.
Why does my website need a privacy policyMeasurement, funnel and other channels
The group to read if you are evaluating whether anything is working. It covers what the standard metrics actually mean, which ones support a decision, and how the other channels fit around search.
What is Google Analytics
What it measures, what it cannot see, and whether a small business needs it.
What is Google AnalyticsWhat is bounce rate
The GA4 definition is not the one you remember, and the difference matters.
What is bounce rateWhat is a marketing KPI
Separating metrics that support a decision from metrics that look impressive.
What is a marketing KPIHow do I track where my leads come from
The plumbing that turns a ringing phone into an attributable enquiry.
How do I track where my leads come fromWhat is a marketing funnel
What the model is useful for, and where it stops describing real buying.
What is a marketing funnelWhat is a sales lead
Defining a lead precisely, so counting them means something.
What is a sales leadDoes social media help SEO
The indirect effects that are real, and the direct one that is not established.
Does social media help SEOHow often should I post on social media
Why consistency beats volume, and how to set a cadence you can sustain.
How often should I post on social mediaIs email marketing still worth it
What email is genuinely good at, and why the famous ROI figure is not usable.
Is email marketing still worth itWhat we hold ourselves to on these pages
Every statistic names a real publisher, a year and a link you can follow. If a figure cannot be traced to the publisher's own page, it does not appear, and the qualitative point is made instead. That rule removes several numbers you will find stated confidently elsewhere, including the widely repeated claim that a US government agency recommends spending a fixed percentage of revenue on marketing, the Google Business Profile photo percentages that Google itself withdrew, and the cost-per-new-patient and cost-per-case figures that circulate with no disclosed method behind them.
Technical explanations are checked against primary documentation rather than against other summaries. That occasionally means contradicting something you have read repeatedly. Bounce rate in Google Analytics 4 is not the measure people remember from Universal Analytics. A meta description is not a ranking factor and Google frequently rewrites it. Schema markup does not raise rankings. Interaction to Next Paint replaced First Input Delay. Each of these is a small correction, and together they account for a large share of the bad advice in this category.
Read the full breakdown: What we hold ourselves to on these pagesHide the full breakdown: What we hold ourselves to on these pages
Where something is genuinely unknown, these pages say so rather than filling the gap. How generative engines choose and attribute the sources inside an answer is the clearest case: no vendor publishes it, nobody can guarantee a citation, and pages claiming a mechanism have inferred one.
There are no guarantees anywhere here, and no promised outcomes. Results vary with market, budget, competition and execution. Anyone promising instant first-place rankings is overselling.
These pages are also free, ungated and written to be useful to someone who will never hire us. That is deliberate. A page that is only useful to a prospect is an advertisement, and an advertisement is not worth citing.
When one question is not enough
Answer pages settle a question. Guides cover a whole topic from the top, and the service pages describe what the work looks like when somebody else does it.
Marketing guides
Six long-form guides covering local search, AI visibility, ads, websites, healthcare and hiring an agency.
Marketing guidesThe local SEO guide
The foundation for any business that serves a place, start to finish.
The local SEO guideThe GEO guide
Generative engine optimization with the primary research attached.
The GEO guideWhat we do
The services behind all of this, and what is actually in scope for each.
What we doPricing
Published, so you can compare us against anyone else on equal terms.
PricingFree audit
We will look at your site and tell you what we would change first.
Free auditQuestion not answered here?
Ask us. If it is a good question we will answer it properly, and probably add a page for it.
Straight answers.
How are these different from a blog?
Each page exists to resolve one question rather than to fill a publishing schedule, and they are maintained rather than archived. There are no dated posts here, no news items and no opinion pieces.
In practice that means a page gets updated when the underlying thing changes, instead of being superseded by a newer post making the same points differently.
Can I use these with my own team or my own agency?
Yes, and that is a good use for them. Several pages, particularly the measurement group and the agency selection guide, are written specifically so a business owner can ask better questions of whoever is doing the work.
Please link rather than copy, so anyone reading gets the current version.
Why do you publish things that would help me not hire you?
Because the useful version and the persuasive version are the same version. A page that only makes sense if you end up hiring us is an advertisement, and nobody cites an advertisement.
There is a commercial logic too, and it is worth being open about it. Businesses that understand what the work involves are better clients, and the ones who do it themselves after reading this frequently come back later when the work outgrows them.
Which answer page should I read first?
Start from the symptom rather than the topic. Not appearing in local results, appearing but not getting calls, and rankings falling after being fine are three different problems with three different pages.
If nothing is obviously broken and you are simply trying to understand the field, the SEO fundamentals group is the most useful starting point, because it defines the terms everything else assumes.
How current are these?
Each page carries a last updated date. They are revised when a cited study publishes a new edition, when a platform changes something they describe, or when a mechanic stops being accurate.
The statistics age fastest. Several of the studies cited here publish annually, so figures move even when the argument behind them does not.
Where this comes from.
Primary documentation and published research behind the guidance on this page.
- Google Search Central: SEO Starter Guide (opens in a new tab)
- Google Search Central: In-depth guide to how Google Search works (opens in a new tab)Crawling, indexing and serving, described by Google rather than inferred.
- Google Business Profile Help: Tips to improve your local ranking on Google (opens in a new tab)Google's own statement of the three local ranking factors: relevance, distance and prominence.
- Google web.dev: Web Vitals (opens in a new tab)The current thresholds for LCP, INP and CLS, and the 75th percentile rule.
- FTC: Advertising and marketing basics for business (opens in a new tab)
Talk to the team
A short call, a look at how the business currently shows up, and a straight answer on what we would do first.
